A good article, Lara, and well-argued. It's implausible to imagine that Apple, Google, et al are constantly surveilling us. What is, however, unfortunately a reality is that any national signals intelligence organization (NSA, GCHQ, etc.) can use one's smartphone as a surveillance device, even when it appears to be turned off. So if you happen to be a journalist covering something your government (or someone else's government) doesn't want you to cover, or a political dissident, or even a protester, there's a non-zero possibility that you are being illegally monitored via your phone. The same is also true of any "smart" device you have in your home: Alexa, your TV, etc. The implications for civil liberties have not yet begun to surface, and doubtless hardly anyone will care ("I'm not doing anything wrong so I have nothing to hide so I don't need to be worried....") when abuses inevitably come to light years from now.